Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov insulators muaj xws li hluav taws xob, mechanical thiab thermal zog. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig thiab kev laus ua haujlwm.
① Kev ua haujlwm hluav taws xob: Kev puas tsuaj tshwm sim los ntawm qhov chaw rwb thaiv tsev yog hu ua flashover, thiab cov yam ntxwv flashover yog lub ntsiab hluav taws xob ua haujlwm ntawm lub rwb thaiv tsev. Rau ntau theem voltage, insulator withstand voltage yuav tsum sib txawv, nws cov ntsuas yog lub hwj chim zaus qhuav, ntub voltage kuj, xob laim impulse voltage kuj, xob laim impulse txiav tawm voltage kuj, ua hauj lwm impulse voltage kuj. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob tawg hauv kev ua haujlwm, qhov tawg ntawm qhov hluav taws xob ntawm lub insulator yog siab tshaj qhov hluav taws xob flashover. Nyob rau hauv lub Hoobkas kuaj, qhov tawg hom ntawm cov plooj (porcelain insulator) feem ntau yog los ntawm kev kuaj lub txim, uas yog, qhov kev kub siab ua rau cov rwb thaiv tsev feem ntau sparks, tuav ib lub sijhawm, saib seb puas tawg.
Qee cov insulators kuj yuav tsum xeem dhau corona xeem, xov tooj cua cuam tshuam kev xeem, ib feem ntawm qhov paug tawm thiab kuaj dielectric poob. Insulator ntawm qhov siab siab, vim qhov txo qis hauv huab cua ntom ntom thiab txo qis hauv hluav taws xob, yog li ntawd, nws tiv taus hluav taws xob hloov mus rau cov txheej txheem atmospheric yuav tsum tau nce ntxiv. Lub flashover voltage ntawm qhov qias neeg insulator thaum ntub dej yog qis dua nws qhov qhuav thiab ntub flashover voltage, yog li nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ntxiv dag zog rau rwb thaiv tsev los yog siv cov av-resistant insulator nyob rau hauv qhov chaw qias neeg, thiab qhov creepage tshwj xeeb nyob deb (qhov piv ntawm qhov creepage nrug mus rau qhov ntsuas voltage) yuav tsum siab tshaj qhov qub hom. Piv nrog AC insulators, DC insulators muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis zoo, adsorption ntawm av thiab electrolysis, thiab qis dua flashover voltage, uas feem ntau yuav tsum tau tshwj xeeb cov qauv tsim thiab loj creepage nrug.
② Mechanical zog: lub insulator feem ntau raug rau lub ntiajteb txawj nqus thiab nro ntawm cov hlau, cua, dej khov hnyav, insulator hnyav, hlau vibration, khoom ua hauj lwm mechanical quab yuam, luv-circuit hluav taws xob fais fab, av qeeg thiab lwm yam mechanical zog hauv kev ua haujlwm. Cov qauv tsim muaj cov kev cai nruj rau cov khoom siv kho tshuab.
③ Kev ua haujlwm kub: Sab nraum zoov insulators yuav tsum muaj peev xwm tiv taus kub hloov pauv sai. Piv txwv li, cov porcelain insulators yuav tsum tau mus rau ob peb lub voj voog kub thiab txias yam tsis muaj qhov tawg. Vim tias tam sim no dhau los ntawm lub tes tsho rwb thaiv tsev, qhov kub thiab txias ntawm nws qhov chaw thiab qhov chaw rwb thaiv tsev thiab qhov tso cai luv luv tam sim no tus nqi yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov kev cai ntawm cov qauv tsim.
