Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov insulators muaj xws li hluav taws xob, mechanical thiab thermal zog. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig thiab kev laus ua haujlwm.
(1) Kev ua haujlwm hluav taws xob: Kev puas tsuaj tshwm sim tshwm sim raws li qhov chaw rwb thaiv tsev hu ua flashover. Flashover yam ntxwv yog lub ntsiab hluav taws xob ua haujlwm ntawm insulators. Rau qhov sib txawv voltage, insulator withstand voltage qhov yuav tsum tau sib txawv, nws cov cim muaj xws li lub hwj chim zaus qhuav voltage kuj, ntub voltage kuj, xob laim cuam tshuam voltage kuj, hluav taws xob cuam tshuam kev txiav tawm voltage kuj, kev khiav hauj lwm tej yam voltage kuj. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob tawg hauv kev ua haujlwm, qhov tawg ntawm qhov hluav taws xob ntawm lub insulator yog siab tshaj qhov hluav taws xob flashover. Nyob rau hauv lub Hoobkas kuaj, tuaj yeem ua cov plooj (porcelain insulator) tom qab kuaj lub txim, uas yog, kev kub siab ua kom lub rwb thaiv tsev nto feem ntau spark, lub sijhawm txij nkawm, saib seb puas tawg. Qee cov insulators kuj yuav tsum xeem dhau corona xeem, xov tooj cua cuam tshuam kev xeem, ib feem ntawm qhov paug tawm thiab kuaj dielectric poob.
Ntawm qhov siab, qhov hluav taws xob lub zog ntawm cov insulators txo qis vim qhov qis ntawm huab cua ceev, yog li lawv cov hluav taws xob tiv taus yuav tsum tau nce ntxiv thaum hloov mus rau cov qauv atmospheric. Lub flashover voltage ntawm qias neeg insulators yog tsawg dua li ntawm qhuav thiab ntub flashover voltage thaum lawv damp. Yog li ntawd, rwb thaiv tsev yuav tsum tau ntxiv dag zog los yog muaj kuab paug-resistant insulators yuav tsum tau saws nyob rau hauv qhov chaw qias neeg. Qhov tshwj xeeb creepage nrug (qhov piv ntawm qhov deb ntawm qhov nkag mus rau qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob) yuav tsum siab dua li cov insulators ib txwm muaj. Piv nrog AC insulators, DC insulators muaj cov hluav taws xob tsis zoo, kev nqus cov av thiab cov nyhuv electrolytic, thiab qis dua qhov hluav taws xob. Yog li ntawd, tshwj xeeb cov qauv tsim thiab loj dua creepage nrug yog feem ntau yuav tsum tau.
(2) Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob: cov insulators feem ntau cuam tshuam los ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus thiab nro ntawm cov xov hlau, cua, dej khov, qhov hnyav insulator, hlau vibration, cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm txhua yam quab yuam, lub zog hluav taws xob luv luv, av qeeg thiab lwm yam kev ua haujlwm. Cov qauv tsim muaj cov kev cai nruj rau cov khoom siv kho tshuab.
(3) Kev ua haujlwm thermal: sab nraum zoov insulators yuav tsum muaj peev xwm tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias hloov ceev. Porcelain insulators, piv txwv li, xav tau ob peb lub voj voog ntawm cov cua sov thiab txias yam tsis muaj qhov tawg. Qhov kub thiab txias ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev thiab qhov tso cai luv luv ntawm cov nqi tam sim no yuav tsum ua raws li cov qauv tsim nyog vim tias tam sim no dhau los ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev.
